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Isotonic saline is a solution that contains 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl) and has an osmolarity similar to body fluids. Its primary purpose is to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance.

Dextrose solution is an intravenous glucose-containing fluid. Common concentrations include 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 50%. The most frequently used in clinical practice are 5% (D5W) and 10%.

  • Treatment of dehydration
  • Supporting blood pressure
  • Replacing fluid and electrolyte losses
  • Dilution and infusion of IV medications
  • Management of mild hyponatremia

  • Providing energy
  • Treating hypoglycemia (typically 10–20%)
  • Component of parenteral nutrition
  • Preventing ketosis (especially during fasting states)
  • Fluid support (less preferred than isotonic solutions)

  • Isotonic saline: Contains electrolytes → restores fluid and electrolyte balance.
  • Dextrose: Contains glucose → provides energy and carbohydrate support.
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